Section 164- using, as evidence, of document production of which was refused on notice

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Indian Evidence Act

Section 164- using, as evidence, of document production of which was refused on notice.

When a party refuses to produce a document which he has had notice to produce, he cannot afterwards use the document as evidence without the consent of the other party or the order of the Court.

Comments:
Principle- where an opponent in possession of a document refuses to produce it on demand, he is afterwards forbidden to produce the document to contradict other party’s secondary evidence. This is in one sense a proper penalty for unfair tactics.
Scope of the section- If the opponent, having a document in his possession, refuses to produce it when called upon at the hearing to do so, he is not at liberty afterwards to give the document in evidence for any purpose.

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